(清华大学 材料系， 新型陶瓷与精细工艺国家重点实验室， 北京 100084)
摘 要: 回顾了陶瓷刀具的发展简况及其意义， 重点介绍了Si3N4基和TiCN基复合陶瓷刀具的研制、性能和应用。 复合Si3N4陶瓷刀具有较高的耐磨性和抗冲击性，特别适合于各类铸铁件的粗精加工， 也能进行铣削、 刨削等冲击力很大的加工， 其切削效率可提高3～10倍；复合TiCN金属陶瓷刀具具有很高的硬度和耐磨性， 特别适合于各类高硬高强钢（如淬硬钢等）的加工，可对高硬材料实现“以车代磨”干切削， 免除退火工艺和冷却液， 大幅度提高生产效率。 新型复合陶瓷刀具已经在我国冶金、水泵、 矿山机械、 轴承、 滚珠丝杠、 汽车、 军工等十几个行业得到应用。
关键字: 陶瓷刀具； 氮化硅； 碳氮化钛； 金属陶瓷
（State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University,
Beijing 100084, China）
Abstract:The advance and meanings of ceramic cutting tools were reviewed. The emphasis was paid on the development, performances and applications of Si3N4-based and TiCN-based composite ceramic cutting tools. The composite Si3N4-based ceramic cutting tools possess rather high wear-resistance and excellent impact-resistance properties, being fit for rough and finish machining of various cast iron workpieces, including milling and planning of large impact force. The cutting efficiency could be enhanced by 3-10 times, compared with the cemented carbide tools. The composite TiCN-based cermet cutting tools possess high hardness and wear-resistance, having an excellent performance on machining of diversified steels, for instance hardened steels, of high hardness and strength. When these tools are used in dried machining of high hardness workpieces, a machining process without annealing and coolants can be used rather than a grinding one, so the efficiency is dramatically improved. Up to now, the new types of composite ceramic cutting tools have been applied in China on a variety of industries, including metallurgy, pump, mining-machinery plant, mechanical bearing, ball screw, motor vehicle, etc.
Key words: ceramic cutting tool; Si3N4; TiCN; cermet
