(太原理工大学 煤科学与技术教育部和山西省重点实验室， 太原 030024)
摘 要: 根据煤的结构特点， 对煤进行闭环的超细粉碎， 脱除部分挥发分， 表面傅-克烷基化化学改性， 与塑料经强制排气式共混，研制了一种新型的煤填充高分子复合塑料母料。 将该母料用于聚丙烯， 可制得具有较好强度、 韧性和优良电绝缘性能的复合材料， 在煤含量为20%（质量分数）时， 复合材料的拉伸屈服强度大于24.0MPa， 缺口冲击强度不小于8.0kJ/m2；同时， 煤/聚丙烯复合材料在较大的煤含量范围内(0%~50%, 质量分数)， 直流绝缘电阻率保持在1014Ω·cm以上。 新型煤填充高分子复合材料在电线电缆中的应用表明，加工性能良好， 成品绝缘层力学性能满足标准要求， 绝缘性能优良， 并可有效降低材料的成本。
关键字: 煤填充高分子复合材料； 烷基化改性； 绝缘材料；煤的直接利用
（Key Laboratory of Education Ministry and Shanxi Province for Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China）
Abstract:A new master batch of coal filled polyolefin was developed and applied to produce the wire or cable coating material. The manufacturing process of the master batch consists of ultra-fine jet milling, partial devolatilization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation surface modification of the coal, blending and extruding of the modified coal/polymer with enforced venting. Through blending the master batch and polypropylene (PP), the strength and toughness of composite material are intensified. When the content of coal filler is 20%(mass fraction), the tensile yielding strength and the elongation of the alkylated coal/PP composite exceed 24.0MPa and 100 % respectively, and the notched impact strength is no less than 8.0kJ/m2. The DC resistivity of the alkylated coal/PP composite is more than 1014 Ω·cm in the coal content of 0%~50%(mass fraction). The testing of the insulation and mechanical properties of 10kV insulated electric cable indicates that the coal-filled polymer composites can be used as wire and cable coating material. This is a new way of direct utilization of coal.
Key words: coal-filled polymer composites； alkylation modification； insulant； direct utilization of coal
