——冶金工艺及材料性能的判据新技术
(钢铁研究总院, 北京 100081)
摘 要: 提出了原位统计分布分析的新概念， 它以测试信息原位性、 原始性、 统计性为特征， 旨在反映材料中较大尺度(cm2)范围内不同组成定量统计分布规律， 系现有宏观平均含量分析及微观结构分析之外的另一种材料性能表征技术。火花光谱单次放电研究表明: 在无预燃的情况下，每一个火花单次放电的信号都与该材料对应位置(1~4μm)及原始状态相关。 材料的较大尺度范围内实现无预燃激发时，可以获得几万至几百万个单次放电的信号， 它们分别与各自放电的原始位置及原始状态相对应。 在信号统计解析的基础上， 提出了一些表征材料性状的新信息， 例如， 在材料中，各元素不同位置含量的统计定量分布； 各元素偏析度的准确定量计算； 元素不同含量在材料中所占的原位置权重比率(统计偏析度)； 统计致密度； 夹杂物及粒度的统计定量分布等。 该技术成功地应用于连铸等冶金工艺、材料研究及生产的质量判据。
关键字: 原位统计分布分析； 火花单次放电； 统计偏析度；统计致密度； 夹杂分布
（Central Iron and Steel Research Institute,
Beijing 100081， China）
Abstract:Original position statistic distribution analysis is a new analytical method to determine the quantitative distribution of different chemical compositions and its states on large scope of material. A new quantitative metal original position analyzer has been invented based on the analysis technology of single discharge analysis and continuous scanning excitement spark spectrum without pre-burn. This technology can be used effectively to analyze the original position statistic distribution of metals. The following new information of the materials can be obtained, for example, the quantitative statistic distribution of contents of various elements on the deferent positions in materials; accurate calculation of the segregation of various elements in material; the quantitative description of the homogeneity of material—the quantitative statistic distribution of mass in deferent contents of the element in total excitement signals of material; statistic homogeneity, statistic segregation and statistic porosity in material; the quantitative statistic distribution of inclusion content on deferent positions in material and distribution of inclusion size in material etc. The concept of original position statistic distribution analysis along with the widely utilization of the metal original position analyzer will provide a new method to study the inside characteristics and properties of the materials.
Key words: original position statistic distribution analysis; statistic segregation; statistic porosity; inclusion
