(钢铁研究总院， 北京 100081)
摘 要: 对采用白钨矿、 氧化钼和钒渣冶炼高速钢进行了热力学和动力学的计算与分析。 在熔融还原过程中， CaWO4、 MoO3和V2O5将被C、 CaC2、 Si-Fe、 SiC还原。 反应过程包括：固-固反应、 液-固反应、 铁浴反应和液-液反应。 WO3还原的限制性环节是WO3在熔渣中的扩散，改善渣流动性， 扩大反应界面能加快WO3的还原。用阻尼剂能有效抑制钼的挥发。
在20t AC电弧炉上用氧化钨矿工业化生产高速钢M-2成功，产品质量优异。 该工艺具有缩短工序、 节约资源、 降低能耗、 提高成品率和改善环境等优点。 综合上述功效， 每吨M-2钢节约成本1780元。
关键字: 熔融还原； 高速钢； 铁浴还原； 低温快速还原
（General Iron and Steel Research Institute,
Beijing 100081, China）
Abstract:The smelting reduction processes of sheelite, molybdenum oxide and vanadium slag were considered by thermodynamic and kinetic calculation and analysis. Sheelite, molybdenum oxide and vanadium slag can be reduced by C, CaC2, Si-Fe and SiC in the smelting reduction process. The reduction processes consist of solid-solid reaction, liquid-solid reaction, reaction in molten steel and liquid-liquid reaction. The technology can realize fast reduction in low temperature, control amount of slag and restrain boiling during reduction stage. The diffusion of WO3 is the restrictive step of reduction process of WO3. Improving fluidity of slag and enlarging areas of reaction interface can accelerate the reduction process of WO3. The use of damping agent can restrain volatilization of molybdenum oxide effectively.
Industrial trial of making of M-2 high speed steel with oxide was conducted successfully in 20t AC-EAF. The quality of final steel is excellent. This process has the advantages of shortening working procedure, economizing resources, minimizing energy consumption and improving environment. All consequences can save the cost of 1780 yuan per ton.
Key words: smelting reduction； high speed steel； reaction in molten steel； fast reduction in low temperature
