( 中国科学院 过程工程研究所, 北京 100080)
摘 要: 根据在电炉还原炼磷过程中, 磷灰石中的镓在电尘浆中高度富集, 成为可供利用的镓资源， 提出了一种提取镓的预处理技术：用浓硫酸熟化电尘， 将其中的镓先转化成水溶性化合物， 再从预处理物料中浸出镓。 考察了预处理过程中电尘的化学和矿物学变化以及影响镓提取率的因素， 并给出了适宜的预处理条件；在最佳质量比电尘∶水∶硫酸=1∶1∶1， 200℃下熟化2h。 实验结果表明， 在优化条件下将预处理的电尘在80℃浸出1h， 镓的浸出率可达90%以上。
关键字: 电炉烟尘; 黄磷硫酸; 镓; 熟化
gallium extraction
（ Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100080, China）
Abstract: The gallium of apatite is found to be concentrated in the flue dust when apatite is reduced to produce yellow phosphorus in electric arc furnace, which makes the flue dust a valuable gallium resource. The new technology proved is to introduce a pretreatment process to enhance the extraction of gallium from phosphorus industry flue dust. The flue dust is slurred, then treated with concentrated sulfuric acid and cured for a period. The gallium in the dust is converted into soluble compounds after the pretreatment and ready to leach in the subsequent leaching process. The chemical and mineralogical changes occurred during the pretreatment were investigated to further understand the process, and the parameters of the pretreatment were examined and optimized. About 90% of the gallium can be extracted from the flue dust in this way.
Key words: flue dust; gallium; phosphorus; sulfuric acid; curing
