(福州大学 材料科学与工程学院， 福州 350002)
摘 要: 采用真空中频感应熔炼、电弧熔炼和高频感应熔炼辅助3m落管无容器快速凝固方法，制备出镍-石墨两相自润滑合金。 研究表明：在石墨型中浇铸， 石墨呈片状生长； 在金属型中浇铸， 石墨有球化趋势； 在电弧炉中熔炼并凝固， 石墨基本呈球状组织形态， 在3m落管中经深过冷快速凝固后石墨呈球状组织。 从而得出， 石墨在生长过程中，（101-0）棱面与（0001）基面的再辉温度差是影响石墨生长形态的重要因素。该材料具有高的冲击韧性和较低的电阻率， 与45#退火钢及GCr15轴承钢干摩擦磨损时， 摩擦因数分别稳定在0.23和0.15。
关键字: 镍-石墨合金；自润滑； 熔炼法； 组织； 球化
（ School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China）
Abstract: Self-lubricating two-phase Ni-graphite alloy was produced by methods of vacuum medium-frequency induction melting, arc melting and containerless rapid solidification process of 3m drop tube assisted by high-frequency induction melting. The results show that graphite cast in graphite mold grows in lamellar shape; graphite cast in metal mold tends to be spheroidized; graphite smelting and solidifying in arc furnace is in globular shape, and homogeneous globular graphite is achieved in rapidly-solidified alloy prepared by 3m drop tube. It has been presented that the recalescence temperature difference between （101-0）edge plane and （0001）basal plane of graphite in graphite growing procedure is an important influencing factor on the growth morphology of graphite. The Ni-graphite alloy shows high impact flexibility and low electrical resistivity. Through dry friction and wear experiment against 45# steel and GCr15, it is found that the friction coefficient of the alloy stably remains 0.23 and 0.15, respectively.
Key words: Ni-graphite alloy; self-lubricating; melting method; structure; spheroidization
