(中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室， 长沙 410083)
摘 要: 研究了90W-7Ni-3Fe混合粉末在行星式高能球磨机中的机械合金化(MA)工艺。 在一定条件下球磨后， 采用XRD分析了粉末相变化、 晶块尺寸和晶格畸变， 采用SEM对粉末形貌进行了分析。 研究了球磨时间、 球磨机转速、 球料比、 球装填系数、 不同的表面活性剂等因素对粉末性能的影响。 确定了机械合金化制备W-Ni-Fe纳米复合粉末的最优化工艺： 球磨转速为200r/min， 球装填系数为6%~12%， 球料比为10∶1， 液体介质比为V液体∶V(球+料)=1.4~2.0。 不同种类的过程控制剂对MA粉末分散和粉末的成形性有很大的影响， 采用8#过程控制剂能在有效分散MA粉末的同时具有好的成形性。
关键字: 机械合金化； 钨合金； 工艺优化； 过程控制剂
（ State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The elemental powder mixture of 90W-7Ni-3Fe was mechanically alloyed in the QM-2SP16 planetary high energy ball mill. The optimal MA process was investigated. MA-ed composite powder characteristics such as particle size, BET and component of mechanical alloyed powder were examined. The structure, crystalline size, lattice deformation and morphology of the powders were analyzed by means of XRD and SEM. The parameters of mechanical alloying process such as milling time, milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, ball filling ratio and the different process control agents were studied in order to understand their influences on the powder characteristics. The optimal mechanical alloying process of producing a W-Ni-Fe nano-crystalline composite powder was obtained: milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, ball filling ratio and liquid-to-balls-and-powders ratio are 200r/min, 10∶1, 6%～12% and 1.4～2.0, respectively. Process control agents have important effects on the characteristics and shaping-ability of the MA-ed powders, and the powders are scattered effectively and have good shaping-ability when process control agent 8# was added.
Key words: mechanical alloying; tungsten heavy alloy; process optimization; process control agents
