( 中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院， 长沙 410083)
摘 要: 研究了用锈蚀法分离浸锌渣还原铁粉中的镓和锗的热力学基础与技术条件。 结果表明， 控制溶液pH值和电位φ， 可使金属铁生成针铁矿(FeOOH)沉淀， 镓、 锗分别以Ga3+、 H2GeO3形式进入溶液。 实现Ga、 Ge与Fe分离的热力学条件为： 25 ℃下， pH值0.685～2.742， 电位φ＞(0.892 3-0.177 3pH) V； 80 ℃下， pH值0.130～1.857， 电位φ＞(0.908-0.210 1pH) V。 锈蚀试验表明： H2O2流量为0.2～0.5 mL/min， pH值为1.0～1.5， 温度80 ℃， 时间为60～80 min的条件下， 对含Ga 1 538 g/t、 Ge 1 292 g/t 和Ga 2 160 g/t、 Ge 1 403 g/t的两种浸锌渣还原铁粉进行锈蚀试验， 可使90%左右Ga、 Ge转入溶液。
关键字: 镓； 锗； 锈蚀法； φ-pH图
ferrous powder reduced from zinc leach residues by corrosion process
（ School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering,
Central South University, Changsha 410083 , China）
Abstract: Thermodynamics and technologies of separating gallium and germanium from ferrous powder produced from zinc leach residues were investigated by corrosion process. Thermodynamic results show that under the specific conditions on pH value and potential φ, metallic iron may precipitate as goethite, while gallium and germanium dissolve in liquor as Ga3+ and H2GeO3, respectively. The thermodynamical conditions of separating Ga and Ge from Fe are found to be: 25℃, pH=0.685-2.742 and φ＞(0.892 3-0.177 3pH) V; or 80 ℃, pH=0.130-1.857 and φ＞(0.908-0.210 1pH) V. The corrosion experiments of ferrous powders containing 1 538 g/t Ga and 1 292 g/t Ge, 2 160 g/t Ga and 1 403 g/t Ge were carried out, respectively. It is shown that about 90% Ga and Ge in the iron powder are converted into the solution under the conditions of pH 1.0-1.5, hydrogenperoxide discharge of 0.2-0.5 mL/min, temperature of 80 ℃ and time of 60-80 min.
Key words: gallium; germanium; corrosion process; φ-pH diagram
