增强铝基复合材料及其性能
( 江苏大学 材料科学与工程学院，镇江 212013)
摘 要: 研究了采用Al-Zr(CO3)2-KBF4组元通过熔体反应法原位合成颗粒增强铝基复合材料。 X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明: 内生增强相颗粒为ZrAl3、 ZrB2和Al2O3，粒度为3～4 μm，且在基体中弥散分布。 复合材料的力学性能和干滑动磨损特性研究表明： 在反应物加入量为0～20%(质量百分数)范围内时， 复合材料的抗拉强度和屈服强度较纯铝基体明显提高，当反应物加入量为20%时, 抗拉强度为150.3 MPa, 屈服强度为113.7 MPa。 当反应物加入量为5%时延伸率最佳为33％， 属塑性断裂。 复合材料的耐磨性较铝基体显著提高，当反应物加入量为10%时耐磨性最好。 铝基体的磨损机制是粘着磨损， 而(ZrAl3+ZrB2+Al2O3)p/Al 复合材料的磨损机制是磨粒磨损。
关键字: Al-Zr-O-B体系； 复合材料； 原位合成； 抗拉强度； 磨粒磨损
in-situ synthesized in Al-Zr-O-B system
（ School of Materials Science and Engineering,
Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China）
Abstract: The Al-Zr(CO3)2KBF4 components were used to fabricate the particle reinforced aluminum-based composites by the direct melt reaction method. The results of X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) show that the in-situ endogenetic particles are ZrAl3, ZrB2 and Al2O3, which are well distributed in the aluminum matrix. The sizes of particles are 3-4 μm. The results of mechanical and wearing properties of the composites show that the tensile strength and yield strength are improved with the increase of adding amounts of reactants in the range of 0-20%(mass fraction), which are much superior to those of aluminum matrix. The best elongation is 33% when the adding amount is 5%. The wear-resistance of the composites are much higher than that of aluminum matrix. The wearing mechanism of the aluminum matrix is adhesive wear while the wearing mechanism of (ZrAl3+ ZrB2+Al2O3)p/Al composites is abrasive wear.
Key words: Al-Zr-O-B system; composite; in-situ fabrication; tensile strength; abrasive wear
