( 1. 中国海洋大学 材料科学与工程研究院,青岛 266003;
2. 山东大学 材料液态结构与遗传性教育部重点实验室,
济南 250061)
摘 要: 采用机械合金化结合热压烧结法制备了一种新型Fe3Al-Cu基刹车材料,并对其力学性能及摩擦学特性进行了研究。 结果表明, 相比Fe基材料, Fe3Al-Cu基刹车材料密度小,强度高, 随着Cu含量的增加(6%~30%, 质量分数), 其硬度和强度降低, 摩擦系数和磨损率都升高。 Cu含量为12%~18%时摩擦系数高而稳定, 耐磨性好,此时摩擦系数为0.5~0.55, 平均磨损率约1.5×10-5 mm3·N-1·m-1。 不同阶段材料的摩擦磨损机制不同,摩擦初期以磨粒磨损为主; 中期主要包括塑性变形、 裂纹扩展和疲劳断裂; 后期主要是氧化磨损, 当Cu含量过高时(大于24%)会发生粘着磨损。
关键字: Fe3Al-Cu;刹车材料;力学性能;摩擦磨损
Fe3Al-Cu base brake materials
( 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering,
Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
2. Key Laboratory for Liquid Structure and Heredity of Ministry of Education,
Shandong University, Ji'nan 250061, China)
Abstract: New Fe3Al-Cu base brake materials were prepared by mechanical alloying and hot pressing. The mechanical properties and dry sliding tribological properties were studied. The results show that in this experiment, compared with Fe-based material, Fe3Al-Cu based brake materials have lower density and higher strength. With the increase of Cu content (6%-30%), the hardness and strength of brake materials decrease, and the friction coefficient and wear rate increase. The brake materials with 12%-18% Cu have high and smooth friction coefficient, and excellent wear resistance, the friction coefficient of which is 0.50-0.55 and the average wear rate is about 1.5×10-5mm3/(N·m). There are different wear mechanisms during different friction stages. The first period is mainly abrasive wear, the latter includes plastic deformation, crack propagation and fatigue fracture, and the last is oxidation wear. When the content of Cu is more than 24%, the adhesion of brake material to the counterpart takes place, which leads to serious wear.
Key words: Fe3Al-Cu; brake material; mechanical property; friction and wear