(中南大学 资源加工与生物工程学院， 长沙 410083)
摘 要: 采用沉降试验方法， 以碳酸钠为分散剂， 有机物HSPA为选择性絮凝剂， 对一水硬铝石、 高岭石、 伊利石和叶蜡石单矿物， 以及实际矿石进行选择性絮凝分选实验。 结果表明， HSPA体现出良好的铝硅分离选择性。 对铝硅比为5.68的铝土矿， 在HSPA用量7 g/t， Na2CO3用量5 kg/t时， 经3次絮凝分离， 可获得精矿铝硅比为8.9， 氧化铝回收率为86.98%的良好指标。 机理测试结果分析表明， HSPA主要通过羧基与矿物表面Al3+活性点形成化学吸附， 并通过氢键形成桥键作用。
关键字: 一水硬铝石； 铝土矿； 选择性絮凝； 絮凝剂； 化学吸附
（School of Resources Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The flocculation tests of diaspore, kaolinite, illite, pyrophyllite and bauxite ore were carried out by the sedimentation. The sodium carbonate and an organic flocculant HSPA were used as dispersant and flocculant, respectively. The results show that HSPA has a good selectivity for the flocculation separation of diasporic-bauxite. The concentrate with Al/Si 8.9 and the recovery of Al2O3 86.98% were obtained after triple sedimentation on the bauxite ore with Al/Si 5.68 by using sodium carbonate 5 kg/t and HSPA 7 g/t. The mechanism study shows that there is chemical absorption between HSPA and active Al3+ sites on the surface of the diaspore with carboxyl. At the same time, bridge-bonds of macromolecule are formed by hydrogen bond.
Key words: diaspore; bauxite; selective flocculation; flocculant; chemical absorption
