(1. 中南大学 资源与安全工程学院, 长沙 410083;
2. 山东理工大学 资源与环境工程学院, 淄博 255049)
摘 要: 在浸出-萃取-电积工艺处理排土场物料过程中, 浸出是最薄弱的一个环节。 分析了排土场堆浸现行工艺中存在的问题, 阐释了细菌浸矿热量传递规律、氧气传输规律, 提出了管注法浸出新工艺, 并用两个矿山实例来说明4种不同类型的排土场浸出新工艺设计原则。 研究表明： 排土场分层表面风化、 压实是渗透性差的原因, 堆内氧气不足、 温度变化幅度大直接影响到细菌的繁殖和浸矿效果； 采用水平渗透代替垂直渗透、 人工供气和控制浸堆温度是排土场强化浸出技术的核心；采用管注法新工艺可使溶浸液覆盖率由30%提高到95%, 满足浸出反应所需氧量, 浸堆温度控制在15~40 ℃, 浸出液浓度提高2倍, 生产能力扩大3倍, 利润比旧工艺提高3.8倍。
关键字: 排土场； 管注浸出法； 浸出新工艺； 传热规律； 氧气传输规律
large dump of copper mine
（1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,
Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China）
Abstract: In the process of material in dump by L-SX-EW, leaching is the weakest link. The paper analyzed the question existing in the current technics of dump leaching, explained the rule of heat transfer and oxygen tranfer in bioleaching, offered the new technique of pipe-pouring leaching, and cased the two mine example to illuminate the design principe of new leaching technology used in four different kind dump. Studies have shown that the cause of weak permeation is weathering and compacting layer on the surface of dump, the influencing factor of bacterial breading and leaching effect are lack of oxygen and large varing range of temperature in dump. The core of the accelerating leaching technology are the level penetrating mode instead of vertival one, suppling oxygen by artifical draught and controlling temperature in dump. The new technics can raise the fraction of coverage of solution from 30% to 95%, meet the oxygen demand of leaching reaction, control temperature bewteen 15 ℃ and 40 ℃, increase lixivium density to 2 times, enlarge yield to 3 times, and heigthen profit to 3.8 times of the old one.
Key words: dump; pipe-pour leaching method; new leaching technique; heat transfer rule; oxygen tranfer rule
