表面特性和摩擦磨损机理
(中南大学 粉末冶金国家重点实验室, 长沙 410083)
摘 要: 与表面镀Cr的40Cr钢配副进行滑动摩擦实验后，在JSM-6360LV扫描电镜上观察6种具有不同基体炭结构的C/C复合材料的磨损表面形貌。 结果表明： 完全光滑层(SL)炭结构的C/C复合材料摩擦表面在任何载荷下均难以形成完整的磨屑膜； 完全粗糙层(RL)炭结构、粗糙层/树脂炭(RL/RC)的材料摩擦表面在低载荷时能形成较厚的磨屑膜，在高载荷时表面摩擦膜均很薄； 完全RC结构试样摩擦表面在低载荷时完整、 致密， 在高载荷时有显著的磨屑膜剥落； RL/SL/RC、 SL/RC结构试样在低载荷时的表面摩擦膜薄， 而高载荷时， RL/SL/RC材料的基体炭磨损比SL/RC的严重； RL/SL或SL炭在摩擦中的损伤呈现阶梯状磨损形貌， RL炭在摩擦后难以分辨出原始形貌， RC炭在部分摩擦表面则为条纹状磨损形貌； RL/SL/RC、 SL/RC结构的C/C复合材料摩擦形貌的稳定性高，材料耐磨性好， 在一定载荷范围内有利于降低材料的摩擦因数和体积磨损。
关键字: C/C复合材料； 摩擦形貌； 摩擦因数； 摩擦磨损机理
and wear mechanism of C/C composite with different matrix carbon
（State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,
Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: After the wear test with 40Cr steel coated by Cr, the morphology of the wear surface of six kinds of C/C composites with different matrix carbon were observed using JSM-6360LV SEM apparatus. The results show that: the wear surface of the composite with smooth lamination(SL) structure is un-integrated under all the test loads; those of the composite with rough lamination (RL) structure or rough lamination /resin carbon(RL/RC) are thick and integrated under low load while those are the thin friction film under high load; that of the composite with RC is integrated under low load but it shows the flaking of massive friction films under high load; and the friction film of the RL/SL/RC and the SL/RC are thin under low load, and the worn degree of the matrix of the RL/SL/RC is more serious than that of the SL/RC under high load. The pyrocarbon of RL/SL or SL carbon shows the “ladder” wear morphology, and it can not distinguish the original ring shape of the RL carbon, but that of the RC shows the striation worn morphology. The wear surface of the composites with RL/SL/RC or SL/RC has high stability and wear-resistant ability, which can decrease the friction coefficient and bulk wear loss of the two kinds of composites under the test loads.
Key words: C/C composites; wear surface morphology; friction coefficient; wear mechanism
