(北京有色金属研究总院，北京 100088)
摘 要: 将铝及铝合金L3、LF21和LY12置于在南疆沙漠大气环境下进行现场暴露试验，利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和红外光谱仪(FTIR)分析腐蚀形貌、元素分布和腐蚀产物组成。结果表明：在南疆沙漠大气环境中，铝及铝合金发生较严重的大气腐蚀，主要腐蚀产物为Al2O3和水合Al(OH)3；铝及铝合金的腐蚀质量损失随暴露时间的变化遵循幂函数C=Ktn，短期内随着暴露时间的延长腐蚀速率会不断下降；地表浮土中的MgCl2 等成分的存在增加了金属表面的湿润时间，浮土中较高的pH值以及氯离子和硫酸根离子等的共同作用促进了铝及铝合金在南疆沙漠大气环境下的腐蚀。
关键字: 铝；铝合金；大气腐蚀；沙漠；腐蚀形貌；腐蚀产物
（General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China）
Abstract: Atmospheric corrosion behaviors of typical aluminium and aluminium alloys L3, LF21 and LY12 were investigated in the desert atmosphere of southern Xinjiang Province, China. The corrosion morphologies, elemental distribution and corrosion products were observed and analyzed by SEM, EDS and FTIR, respectively. The results demonstrate that the aluminium and aluminium alloys suffer more serious atmospheric corrosion in the atmosphere of desert saline soil, and the main products are Al2O3 and hydration Al(OH)3. The mass loss data of specimens with exposure time obey well with the power function of C = Ktn, and the corrosion rates are with the extension of time in short term. The surface dust contains MgCl2 that increases the wetness time of the metallic surface. Higher pH value, chloride ion and sulfate ion in the surface dust act as a stimulus to atmospheric corrosion of aluminium and aluminium alloys.
Key words: aluminium; aluminium alloys; atmospheric corrosion; desert; corrosion morphology; corrosion product
