(中南大学 冶金科学与工程学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 使用有限元软件Ansys仿真计算5 kA级惰性阳极铝电解槽的槽膛内形及热平衡情况。结果表明：过热度和侧部炭块类型对槽膛内形产生显著影响，过热度增加10 ℃，槽帮厚度减少约50%，伸腿宽度减少约30%；侧部炭块散热性越好，槽帮厚度和伸腿宽度越大；半石墨质类型的侧部炭块能够在保证形成满足要求的槽膛内形时降低热量损失，建议采用这类侧部炭块；采取一定措施后，采用半石墨质阴极和石墨化阴极的电解槽均能实现热平衡，石墨化阴极电解槽比普通阴极电解槽所需能量约多9%，但在热平衡时阴极底部等温线分布更合理。
关键字: 铝电解；惰性阳极；电解槽；热平衡；数值模拟
（School of Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract: The cell profile and heat balance of 5 kA grade aluminum reduction cell with inert anodes were calculated and simulated by finite element software Ansys. The results show that the superheat temperature and type of side carbon block have great influence on the cell profile. When the superheat temperature increases 10 ℃, the ledge thickness is reduced by about 50%, the ledge width is reduced by about 30%. The better the heat dissipation capability of side carbon block is, the thicker the cell ledge is. The semi graphitic side carbon block is advised because it can not only assure the required cell profile but also reduce the heat dissipation. The heat balance calculation shows that both the cell with semi graphitic cathode and graphitized cathode can achieve heat balance by taking some measures, while the cell with graphitized cathode needs about 9% more energy input than the cell with semi graphitic cathode, but it can assure more reasonable temperature distribution in the cathodes.
Key words: aluminum electrolysis; inert anode; reduction cell; heat balance; numerical simulation
