(1. 北京有色金属研究总院 能源材料与技术研究所，北京 100088;
2. 东北大学 材料与冶金学院，沈阳 110004)
摘 要: 利用熔体转移发泡法制备不同基体成分不同密度的闭孔泡沫铝，从能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率以及能量吸收图等方面对其动态吸能性能进行研究。结果显示：无论是Al基还是Al-6Si基的闭孔泡沫铝，能量吸收能力随应变的增加而增大，且随相对密度的增加，能量吸收能力先增加后减小；能量吸收效率的变化具有明显的缓慢增加、趋于平缓和缓慢减小的特征；随着应力的增加，闭孔泡沫铝单位体积的吸能能力先快速提高，达到一定值后上升趋势减缓，出现明显的肩；对应此密度的闭孔泡沫铝可以提供最大容许应力σp，且随着相对密度的减小，最大容许应力σp逐渐减小；相同密度Al基和Al-6Si基的闭孔泡沫铝能量吸收能力相比，前者的要大一些，但Al-6Si基闭孔泡沫铝的吸能效率要比Al基闭孔泡沫铝的吸能效率高，且最高吸能效率比较稳定持久。
关键字: 闭孔泡沫铝；动态吸能；相对密度；能量吸收；效率
（1. Centre of Energy Material and Technology, Beijing General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing 100088, China;
2. School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China）
Abstract:The closed-cell aluminum foam (CCAF) with Al matrix and Al-6Si matrix was prepared by the method of molten body transitional foaming process, the dynamic energy absorption property was discussed from the energy absorption capability, energy absorption efficiency and energy absorption picture. The results show that for both Al matrix and Al-6Si matrix CCAF, the energy absorption capability increases with the increase of strain. And the energy absorption capability firstly increases, then decreases with the increase of relative density. The energy absorption efficiency first slowly increase, then tends to gentle, finally slowly decrease. With the increase of stress, the energy absorption capability for unit volume first rises quickly, then the trend becomes slow after it reaches a certain value and appear a obvious shoulder. The biggest allowable stress (σp) is provided by CCAF, and with the decrease of relative density, the biggest allowable stress (σp) also decreases. The energy absorption capability of the former of Al matrix is bigger than that of Al-6Si matrix with the same relative density, but the energy absorption efficiency of Al-6Si matrix CCAF is bigger than that of Al matrix CCAF, and the biggest energy absorption efficiency is steady and lasting.
Key words: closed-cell aluminum foam (CCAF); dynamic energy absorption; relative density; energy absorption; efficiency
