(1. 中南大学 资源与安全工程学院，长沙 410083；2. 北京科技大学 土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083)
摘 要: 针对排土场堆浸过程中微粒渗滤沉积作用对矿堆孔隙率的影响，建立微细颗粒沉积和堆体渗流数学模型。在一维条件下，利用有限差分法对模型进行理论计算，并通过实验进行验证，结果表明：微粒的渗滤沉积降低浸堆的孔隙率，增大溶液的渗透阻力；在常流量动水头条件下，渗滤沉积首先发生在模型注液端的20 cm以内，沿渗流方向上，流体压力随时间延长而增大；在常水头条件下，随时间的推移，渗流速度逐渐降低，表明堆体的渗透性降低，与排土场浸堆实际情况相符。因此，应采取必要的技术措施，防止微粒渗滤沉积，这对于改善堆体的渗透性和提高浸出率，具有重要的意义。
关键字: 微粒；渗滤沉积；排土场；渗流特性；数学模型
（1. School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Central South University,Changsha 410083, China;2. School of Civil and Environment Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China）
Abstract: Based on the effect of particles sedimentation during leaching on the seepage characteristic of copper dumps, a mathematic model describing the law of particles sedimentation and seepage in dump was built. The theoretical solution of one-dimensional model resulted by finite difference method and a simulation test was carried out to validate it. The results show that the particles sedimentation decreases the porosity of dump and increases the resistance of seepage. To keep a fix flux and fluctuant pressure, the particles would deposit within the 20 cm zone along the streamline, and the flow pressure increases with prolonging time. On the other hand, to keep a fix pressure, the flow velocity also decreases. This indicates that the permeability of dump was decayed. These phenomena are identical with the facts of dump leaching. So it is important to take technical measures to prevent particles from depositing for improving the permeability of dump and increasing the metal leaching rate in practice.
Key words: particles; infiltration deposition; dump; seepage characteristic; mathematic model
