(中南大学 化学化工学院，长沙 410083)
摘 要: 研究了聚醇、聚酰胺和聚糖等一系列含有活性基团的聚合物对铝酸钠溶液种分过程的影响。结果表明：铝酸钠溶液或晶种对羟基、胺基或酰胺基等活性基团较为敏感，含胺基、羟基的聚合物都能影响铝酸钠的种分分解率，并能不同程度地改变产物的粒度分布；聚合物的相对分子质量和浓度对种分影响较大；添加3种不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇，以中等相对分子质量(10 000)的聚乙二醇对分解率的影响最大，而关于改善产品的粒度分布则以低相对分子质量(2 000)的效果最好；在所研究的浓度范围内添加剂聚丙二醇(0~3.08×10−1g∙L−1)都可提高铝酸钠的分解率，其中浓度为5.13×10−2g∙L−1+时提高分频率的效果最佳，浓度为3.08×10−1g∙L−1时改善粒度分布的效果最好，并随添加剂浓度的增大，粒子的平均粒径略有增大。X射线衍射结果显示，加入聚合物后种分产品的晶型不变。
关键字: 铝酸钠溶液；聚合物；添加剂；表面活性剂
of sodium aluminate solution
（College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:The influence of a series of polymers with active groups including polyalcohols, polyamide and polysaccharide on the seed precipitation of sodium aluminate solution was investigated. The results show that polymers with amido or hydroxyl group can obviously change the precipitation ratio and particle size distribution of Al(OH)3 products. The dosage and molecular mess of polymers can affect the seed precipitation of sodium aluminate solution. The largest precipitation ratio can be obtained with addition of median molecular mess(about 10 000) of polymer. Polyethylene glycol with low molecular mess(about 2 000) can increase the particle size of Al(OH)3 products. Polypropylene glycol can improve the seed precipitation of sodium aluminate solution if the additive dosage is less than 3.08×10−1g∙L−1. The largest precipitation ratio can be obtained at additive dosage of 5.13×10−2g∙L−1. Polypropylene glycol with dosage of 3.08×10−1g∙L−1 can increase the particle size of Al(OH)3 products. The more the dosage of polypropylene glycol, the larger the mean particle diameter. The results of X-ray diffraction show that the crystal structure of Al(OH)3 products remains the same with or without polymers.
Key words: sodium aluminate solution; polymers; additive; surfactant
