(福州大学 材料科学与工程学院，福州 350002)
摘 要: 采用熔炼法制备出新型Fe3Al基−石墨固体自润滑材料，研究Si含量对Fe3Al基−石墨固体自润滑材料的显微组织、力学性能以及干摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：Si可以促进C原子在Fe-Al-C液态合金中熔入及凝固过程中的石墨化，对Fe3Al基体有固溶强化作用。随着Si含量增加，C原子的石墨化作用增强，合金的硬度逐渐降低，抗弯强度逐渐增大；但Si合金超过3.5%(质量分数)时，由于Si在Fe3Al基体中的过多固溶，三点弯曲强度明显降低。研究表明，Fe3Al基−石墨合金具有高的耐磨性能和良好的润滑性能，摩擦因数随着合金中石墨面密度的增大而降低，磨损率随Si含量的增加而减小，其中Si含量为3.5%的合金经过900 ℃、15 h退火处理后，综合力学性能好，其磨损率仅为QT−500球墨铸铁的1/20。
关键字: Fe3Al基−石墨合金；固体自润滑材料；熔炼法；石墨化；摩擦磨损
（School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350002, China）
Abstract:Fe3Al−graphite solid self-lubricating materials were prepared by melting method. The effects of Si content on the microscopic structure, mechanical and dry friction properties were investigated. The results show that Si element has an effect on facilitating carbon atoms to solute in Fe-Al-C liquid alloy and to graphitize in the process of solidification, which can solution strengthen the alloy matrix. With increasing Si content, the hardness decreases and the bend strength increases because the the strengthening effect of graphitization. When Si content exceeds 3.5%(mass fraction), the bend strength deduces dramatically because the solution of Si element in Fe3Al matrix is too much. The results also show that Fe3Al−graphite alloy has good wear-resisting and lubricating properties. The coefficient of dry friction decreases with increasing area density of graphite, and the wear rate reduces with increasing Si content. Fe3Al−graphite solid self-lubricating material with 3.5% Si after annealing at 900 ℃ for 15 h has good mechanical properties, and the wear rate is just as 1/20 as that the of spheroidal graphite iron.
Key words: Fe3Al−graphite alloy; solid self-lubricating material; melting; graphitization; friction and wear
