中国有色金属学报(英文版)
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China
| Vol. 35 No. 12 December 2025 |
（1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341119, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy for Non-ferrous Metals, Changsha 410083, China;
4. Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China）
Abstract:An initialization-improved equilibrium constant method was used for modelling the copper matte smelting process with flash technology. Initial molar amounts of species were calculated by distributing the amounts of given elements. The species containing the largest amount of one element was chosen to be the corresponding thermodynamic component. The equilibrium values were derived via the Newton-Raphson method and converted to industrial forecast values using the mechanical entrainment equations. The results indicate that the calculated equilibrium value for copper concentration in the slag is 0.32 wt.%, while the industrial forecast value is 1.03 wt.%, with the industrial value being 1.13 wt.%. The present model required only 31 outer loops to derive the approximate solution close to the equilibrium value. The iterative path during the computation is considerably reduced and the risk of non-convergence during the computation is decreased.
Key words: initialization; molar Gibbs energy; thermodynamic component; iteration; equilibrium value; mechanical entrainment
