中国有色金属学报(英文版)
Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China
Vol. 35 No. 9 September 2025 |
(1. Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
3. National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;
4. School of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China)
Abstract:The vacuum volatilization kinetics of Pb in In-Pb solder was investigated. The results indicate a significant increase in the vacuum volatilization rates of Pb, 25In-75Pb, 40In-60Pb, and In with increasing temperatures from 923 to 1123 K, system pressure of 3 Pa and holding time of 30 min. The mass transfer coefficients and apparent activation energies of Pb and its alloys were determined at various temperatures. Additionally, a kinetics model was developed to describe Pb vacuum volatilization in high-temperature melts. It is obtained that the vapor mass transfer is the factor limiting the vacuum volatilization rates of Pb and In–Pb alloys under the above specified conditions.
Key words: vacuum volatilization; In-Pb alloy; solder; rate equation; kinetics model