Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

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中国有色金属学报(英文版)

Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China

Vol. 35    No. 9    September 2025

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Rheology, curing behavior, and porosity evolution in dual curing direct ink writing of carbon/carbon composites
Xin YE1, Qian LU1, Lu-tong WU1, Ming-liang XU2, XIANG Xiong2, Feng-ze JIANG2

1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Abstract:To overcome reliance on molds and the difficulty of fabricating complex geometries with traditional C/C composites, direct ink writing (DIW) with UV/heat dual curing was employed to produce high-performance C/C composites. The rheological properties of the composite inks were systematically analyzed to assess the effects of phenolic resin (PR) and carbon fiber (CF) content. Results show pronounced shear-thinning behavior and strong thixotropy—both essential for stable DIW. Additionally, UV/heat curing behavior was characterized to provide theoretical insights for optimizing curing parameters. Notably, CF addition is found to significantly attenuate UV light penetration compared to pure PR. As CF content increases, the critical UV irradiation energy rises sharply from 68.47 to 911.19 mJ/cm2, necessitating precise adjustments to curing parameters. Preforms were pyrolyzed in a carbon tube furnace to examine pore-formation characteristics, and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) was applied to filling the resulting pores, yielding C/C composites with a flexural strength of 115.19 MPa.

 

Key words: C/C composites; dual curing; direct ink writing; rheology; curing behavior; chemical vapor infiltration

ISSN 1004-0609
CN 43-1238/TG
CODEN: ZYJXFK

ISSN 1003-6326
CN 43-1239/TG
CODEN: TNMCEW

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