(1. 燕山大学 先进锻压成形技术与科学教育部重点实验室, 秦皇岛 066004；
2. 燕山大学 河北省特种运载装备重点实验室, 秦皇岛 066004；
3. 中国兵器工业集团航空弹药研究院有限公司, 哈尔滨 150030)
摘 要: 近年来，航空航天领域对300~500 ℃中温区间具有出色高温抗氧化、抗蠕变能力的轻质耐热铝合金材料，需求愈加旺盛。然而，铝合金的高温软化问题一直是制约中温区间零件结构设计和服役安全的关键短板。要克服该短板，应针对不同应用场景的综合需求（性能、成本、效率），考虑不同制备工艺的特性，对不同体系合金进行外加或合金化原位自生的方式在合金基体内均匀分布足够数量的热稳定纳米相，以此钉扎晶界并抑制晶界运动和位错滑移。本文从铸造、快速凝固、增材制造三方面归纳了耐热铝合金的研究进展和应用，并展开分析了不同体系耐热铝合金组织性能的调控手段，总结了耐热铝合金研究的最新成果，同时对耐热铝合金未来的研究方向进行了展望。
关键字: 耐热铝合金；制备工艺；成分优化；组织调控；使役性能
（1. Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging & Stamping Technology and Science of Ministry of Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
2. Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
3. Aviation Ammunition Institute, NORINCO Group, Harbin 150030, China）
Abstract:In recent years, the demand for lightweight heat-resistant aluminum alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and creep resistance in the medium temperature range of 300~500 °C has become more and more exuberant in the aerospace field. However, the high temperature softening problem of aluminum alloy has always been restricting the structural design and service safety of parts in the middle temperature range. To overcome this shortcoming, the characteristics of different preparation processes should be considered according to the comprehensive requirements (performance, cost, efficiency) of different application scenarios. A sufficient number of thermally stable nano-phases should be uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix by adding or alloying in-situ self-generation for different system alloys, so as to pin the grain boundary and inhibit the grain boundary movement and dislocation slip. In this paper, the research progress and application of heat-resistant aluminum alloys were summarized from three aspects of casting, rapid solidification and additive manufacturing. The control methods of microstructure and properties of heat-resistant aluminum alloys with different systems were analyzed, and the latest research results of heat-resistant aluminum alloys were summarized. At the same time, the future research direction of heat-resistant aluminum alloys was prospected.
Key words: heat-resistant aluminum alloy; preparation process; component optimization; microstructure regulation; service performance
