(1. 北京航空航天大学 机械工程及自动化学院，北京 100191；
2. 西北稀有金属材料研究院宁夏有限公司 稀有金属特种材料国家重点实验室，石嘴山753000；
3. 宁夏中色金航钛业有限公司，石嘴山753000；
4. 中国科学院金属研究所 沈阳材料科学国家研究中心，沈阳110016)
摘 要: 高温铌合金与其它种类的高温合金相比，具有密度低、高温（600～1600℃)比强度高、冷热成形性能优良和焊接性能好等优点，可以加工成形薄壁和复杂形状的零件，用来制造火箭发动机、卫星、宇宙飞船和导弹的姿控/轨控发动机的推力室身部延伸段等部件，是航天结构件的重要候选材料之一。为了满足航天发动机的需求，我国相继在美、俄铌合金的基础上仿制研发了多种火箭发动机用铌合金结构材料，其中使用最多的是C-103和Nb521合金。本文对铌合金的分类、航天用铌合金的发展、应用及进展情况进行了综述。针对应用较为广泛的C-103、PWC-11、Nb521合金及在研的低密度铌合金进展情况进行了重点介绍，并讨论了航天用铌合金研究目前存在的问题，对未来发展更高强度、更高强韧性和轻质化的新型铌合金，以及更高温度、长寿命的高温抗氧化防护涂层的研究方向进行了展望。
关键字: 铌合金；航天应用；C-103；Nb521；低密度铌合金
（1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Special Rare Metal Materials, Northwest Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Ningxia Co., Ltd, Shizuishan 753000, China;
3. Ningxia Horizontal Titanium Industry Co., Ltd, Shizuishan 7530003, China;
4.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China）
Abstract:Compared with other kinds of high temperature alloys, high temperature niobium alloy has the advantages of low density, high temperature (600 ~ 1600℃) specific strength, good cold and hot forming performance and good welding performance, can be processed into thin wall and complex shape parts. It is one of the important candidate materials for aerospace structural parts, which can be used to manufacture the thrust chamber body extension section of attitude control/orbit control engine of rocket engine, satellite, spacecraft and missile. In order to meet the needs of space engines, China has developed many kinds of niobium alloy structural materials for rocket engines on the basis of American and Russian niobium alloys, among which C-103 and Nb521 alloys are the most used. In this paper，the classification of niobium alloys and the development, application and progress of niobium alloys used in space were reviewed. The progress of typical C-103, PWC-11, Nb521 niobium alloys and the low-density niobium alloys under development are introduced emphatically. The existing problems in the research of niobium alloys for aerospace applications were also discussed. The research direction of the new niobium alloy with higher strength, higher toughness and lighter, and the high temperature anti-oxidation protective coating with higher temperature and longer life were prospected.
Key words: Niobium alloy; Aerospace applications; C-103; Nb521; Low-density niobium alloy
